/* File: util.c */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1997 Ben Harrison, James E. Wilson, Robert A. Koeneke
 *
 * This software may be copied and distributed for educational, research,
 * and not for profit purposes provided that this copyright and statement
 * are included in all such copies.  Other copyrights may also apply.
 */

#include "angband.h"




#ifndef HAS_MEMSET

/*
 * For those systems that don't have "memset()"
 *
 * Set the value of each of 'n' bytes starting at 's' to 'c', return 's'
 * If 'n' is negative, you will erase a whole lot of memory.
 */
char *memset(char *s, int c, huge n)
{
	char *t;
	for (t = s; len--; ) *t++ = c;
	return (s);
}

#endif



#ifndef HAS_STRICMP

/*
 * For those systems that don't have "stricmp()"
 *
 * Compare the two strings "a" and "b" ala "strcmp()" ignoring case.
 */
int stricmp(cptr a, cptr b)
{
	cptr s1, s2;
	char z1, z2;

	/* Scan the strings */
	for (s1 = a, s2 = b; TRUE; s1++, s2++)
	{
		z1 = FORCEUPPER(*s1);
		z2 = FORCEUPPER(*s2);
		if (z1 < z2) return (-1);
		if (z1 > z2) return (1);
		if (!z1) return (0);
	}
}

#endif


#ifdef SET_UID

# ifndef HAS_USLEEP

/*
 * For those systems that don't have "usleep()" but need it.
 *
 * Fake "usleep()" function grabbed from the inl netrek server -cba
 */
int usleep(huge usecs)
{
	struct timeval      Timer;

	int nfds = 0;

#ifdef FD_SET
	fd_set *no_fds = NULL;
#else
	int *no_fds = NULL;
#endif


	/* Was: int readfds, writefds, exceptfds; */
	/* Was: readfds = writefds = exceptfds = 0; */


	/* Paranoia -- No excessive sleeping */
	if (usecs > 4000000L) core("Illegal usleep() call");


	/* Wait for it */
	Timer.tv_sec = (usecs / 1000000L);
	Timer.tv_usec = (usecs % 1000000L);

	/* Wait for it */
	if (select(nfds, no_fds, no_fds, no_fds, &Timer) < 0)
	{
		/* Hack -- ignore interrupts */
		if (errno != EINTR) return -1;
	}

	/* Success */
	return 0;
}

# endif


/*
 * Hack -- External functions
 */
extern struct passwd *getpwuid();
extern struct passwd *getpwnam();


/*
 * Find a default user name from the system.
 */
void user_name(char *buf, int id)
{
	struct passwd *pw;

	/* Look up the user name */
	if ((pw = getpwuid(id)))
	{
		strcpy(buf, pw->pw_name);
		buf[16] = '\0';

#ifdef CAPITALIZE_USER_NAME
		/* Hack -- capitalize the user name */
		if (islower(buf[0])) buf[0] = toupper(buf[0]);
#endif

		return;
	}

	/* Oops.  Hack -- default to "PLAYER" */
	strcpy(buf, "PLAYER");
}

#endif /* SET_UID */




/*
 * The concept of the "file" routines below (and elsewhere) is that all
 * file handling should be done using as few routines as possible, since
 * every machine is slightly different, but these routines always have the
 * same semantics.
 *
 * In fact, perhaps we should use the "path_parse()" routine below to convert
 * from "canonical" filenames (optional leading tilde's, internal wildcards,
 * slash as the path seperator, etc) to "system" filenames (no special symbols,
 * system-specific path seperator, etc).  This would allow the program itself
 * to assume that all filenames are "Unix" filenames, and explicitly "extract"
 * such filenames if needed (by "path_parse()", or perhaps "path_canon()").
 *
 * Note that "path_temp" should probably return a "canonical" filename.
 *
 * Note that "my_fopen()" and "my_open()" and "my_make()" and "my_kill()"
 * and "my_move()" and "my_copy()" should all take "canonical" filenames.
 *
 * Note that "canonical" filenames use a leading "slash" to indicate an absolute
 * path, and a leading "tilde" to indicate a special directory, and default to a
 * relative path, but MSDOS uses a leading "drivename plus colon" to indicate the
 * use of a "special drive", and then the rest of the path is parsed "normally",
 * and MACINTOSH uses a leading colon to indicate a relative path, and an embedded
 * colon to indicate a "drive plus absolute path", and finally defaults to a file
 * in the current working directory, which may or may not be defined.
 *
 * We should probably parse a leading "~~/" as referring to "ANGBAND_DIR". (?)
 */


#ifdef ACORN


/*
 * Most of the "file" routines for "ACORN" should be in "main-acn.c"
 */


#else /* ACORN */


#ifdef SET_UID

/*
 * Extract a "parsed" path from an initial filename
 * Normally, we simply copy the filename into the buffer
 * But leading tilde symbols must be handled in a special way
 * Replace "~user/" by the home directory of the user named "user"
 * Replace "~/" by the home directory of the current user
 */
errr path_parse(char *buf, int max, cptr file)
{
	cptr u, s;
	struct passwd	*pw;
	char user[128];


	/* Assume no result */
	buf[0] = '\0';

	/* No file? */
	if (!file) return (-1);

	/* File needs no parsing */
	if (file[0] != '~')
	{
		strcpy(buf, file);
		return (0);
	}

	/* Point at the user */
	u = file+1;

	/* Look for non-user portion of the file */
	s = strstr(u, PATH_SEP);

	/* Hack -- no long user names */
	if (s && (s >= u + sizeof(user))) return (1);

	/* Extract a user name */
	if (s)
	{
		int i;
		for (i = 0; u < s; ++i) user[i] = *u++;
		user[i] = '\0';
		u = user;
	}

	/* Look up the "current" user */
	if (u[0] == '\0') u = getlogin();

	/* Look up a user (or "current" user) */
	if (u) pw = getpwnam(u);
	else pw = getpwuid(getuid());

	/* Nothing found? */
	if (!pw) return (1);

	/* Make use of the info */
	strcpy(buf, pw->pw_dir);

	/* Append the rest of the filename, if any */
	if (s) strcat(buf, s);

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}


#else /* SET_UID */


/*
 * Extract a "parsed" path from an initial filename
 *
 * This requires no special processing on simple machines,
 * except for verifying the size of the filename.
 */
errr path_parse(char *buf, int max, cptr file)
{
	/* Accept the filename */
	strnfmt(buf, max, "%s", file);

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}


#endif /* SET_UID */


/*
 * Hack -- acquire a "temporary" file name if possible
 *
 * This filename is always in "system-specific" form.
 */
errr path_temp(char *buf, int max)
{
	cptr s;

	/* Temp file */
	s = tmpnam(NULL);

	/* Oops */
	if (!s) return (-1);

	/* Format to length */
	strnfmt(buf, max, "%s", s);

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}


/*
 * Create a new path by appending a file (or directory) to a path
 *
 * This requires no special processing on simple machines, except
 * for verifying the size of the filename, but note the ability to
 * bypass the given "path" with certain special file-names.
 *
 * Note that the "file" may actually be a "sub-path", including
 * a path and a file.
 *
 * Note that this function yields a path which must be "parsed"
 * using the "parse" function above.
 */
errr path_build(char *buf, int max, cptr path, cptr file)
{
	/* Special file */
	if (file[0] == '~')
	{
		/* Use the file itself */
		strnfmt(buf, max, "%s", file);
	}

	/* Absolute file, on "normal" systems */
	else if (prefix(file, PATH_SEP) && !streq(PATH_SEP, ""))
	{
		/* Use the file itself */
		strnfmt(buf, max, "%s", file);
	}

	/* No path given */
	else if (!path[0])
	{
		/* Use the file itself */
		strnfmt(buf, max, "%s", file);
	}

	/* Path and File */
	else
	{
		/* Build the new path */
		strnfmt(buf, max, "%s%s%s", path, PATH_SEP, file);
	}

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}


/*
 * Hack -- replacement for "fopen()"
 */
FILE *my_fopen(cptr file, cptr mode)
{
	char buf[1024];

	/* Hack -- Try to parse the path */
	if (path_parse(buf, 1024, file)) return (NULL);

	/* Attempt to fopen the file anyway */
	return (fopen(buf, mode));
}


/*
 * Hack -- replacement for "fclose()"
 */
errr my_fclose(FILE *fff)
{
	/* Require a file */
	if (!fff) return (-1);

	/* Close, check for error */
	if (fclose(fff) == EOF) return (1);

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}


#endif /* ACORN */


/*
 * Hack -- replacement for "fgets()"
 *
 * Read a string, without a newline, to a file
 *
 * Process tabs, strip internal non-printables
 */
errr my_fgets(FILE *fff, char *buf, huge n)
{
	huge i = 0;

	char *s;

	char tmp[1024];

	/* Read a line */
	if (fgets(tmp, 1024, fff))
	{
		/* Convert weirdness */
		for (s = tmp; *s; s++)
		{
			/* Handle newline */
			if (*s == '\n')
			{
				/* Terminate */
				buf[i] = '\0';

				/* Success */
				return (0);
			}

			/* Handle tabs */
			else if (*s == '\t')
			{
				/* Hack -- require room */
				if (i + 8 >= n) break;

				/* Append a space */
				buf[i++] = ' ';

				/* Append some more spaces */
				while (!(i % 8)) buf[i++] = ' ';
			}

			/* Handle printables */
			else if (isprint(*s))
			{
				/* Copy */
				buf[i++] = *s;

				/* Check length */
				if (i >= n) break;
			}
		}
	}

	/* Nothing */
	buf[0] = '\0';

	/* Failure */
	return (1);
}


/*
 * Hack -- replacement for "fputs()"
 *
 * Dump a string, plus a newline, to a file
 *
 * Perhaps this function should handle internal weirdness.
 */
errr my_fputs(FILE *fff, cptr buf, huge n)
{
	/* Dump, ignore errors */
	(void)fprintf(fff, "%s\n", buf);

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}


#ifdef ACORN


/*
 * Most of the "file" routines for "ACORN" should be in "main-acn.c"
 *
 * Many of them can be rewritten now that only "fd_open()" and "fd_make()"
 * and "my_fopen()" should ever create files.
 */


#else /* ACORN */


/*
 * Several systems have no "O_BINARY" flag
 */
#ifndef O_BINARY
# define O_BINARY 0
#endif /* O_BINARY */


/*
 * Hack -- attempt to delete a file
 */
errr fd_kill(cptr file)
{
	char buf[1024];

	/* Hack -- Try to parse the path */
	if (path_parse(buf, 1024, file)) return (-1);

	/* Remove */
	(void)remove(buf);

	/* Assume success XXX XXX XXX */
	return (0);
}


/*
 * Hack -- attempt to move a file
 */
errr fd_move(cptr file, cptr what)
{
	char buf[1024];
	char aux[1024];

	/* Hack -- Try to parse the path */
	if (path_parse(buf, 1024, file)) return (-1);

	/* Hack -- Try to parse the path */
	if (path_parse(aux, 1024, what)) return (-1);

	/* Rename */
	(void)rename(buf, aux);

	/* Assume success XXX XXX XXX */
	return (0);
}


/*
 * Hack -- attempt to copy a file
 */
errr fd_copy(cptr file, cptr what)
{
	char buf[1024];
	char aux[1024];

	/* Hack -- Try to parse the path */
	if (path_parse(buf, 1024, file)) return (-1);

	/* Hack -- Try to parse the path */
	if (path_parse(aux, 1024, what)) return (-1);

	/* Copy XXX XXX XXX */
	/* (void)rename(buf, aux); */

	/* Assume success XXX XXX XXX */
	return (1);
}


/*
 * Hack -- attempt to open a file descriptor (create file)
 *
 * This function should fail if the file already exists
 *
 * Note that we assume that the file should be "binary"
 */
int fd_make(cptr file, int mode)
{
	char buf[1024];

	/* Hack -- Try to parse the path */
	if (path_parse(buf, 1024, file)) return (-1);

#if defined(MACINTOSH) || defined(WINDOWS)

	/* Create the file, fail if exists, write-only, binary */
	return (open(buf, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY | O_BINARY));

#else

	/* Create the file, fail if exists, write-only, binary */
	return (open(buf, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY | O_BINARY, mode));

#endif

}


/*
 * Hack -- attempt to open a file descriptor (existing file)
 *
 * Note that we assume that the file should be "binary"
 */
int fd_open(cptr file, int flags)
{
	char buf[1024];

	/* Hack -- Try to parse the path */
	if (path_parse(buf, 1024, file)) return (-1);

#if defined(MACINTOSH) || defined(WINDOWS)

	/* Attempt to open the file */
	return (open(buf, flags | O_BINARY));

#else

	/* Attempt to open the file */
	return (open(buf, flags | O_BINARY, 0));

#endif

}


/*
 * Hack -- attempt to lock a file descriptor
 *
 * Legal lock types -- F_UNLCK, F_RDLCK, F_WRLCK
 */
errr fd_lock(int fd, int what)
{
	/* Verify the fd */
	if (fd < 0) return (-1);

#ifdef SET_UID

# ifdef USG

#  if defined(F_ULOCK) && defined(F_LOCK)

	/* Un-Lock */
	if (what == F_UNLCK)
	{
		/* Unlock it, Ignore errors */
		lockf(fd, F_ULOCK, 0);
	}

	/* Lock */
	else
	{
		/* Lock the score file */
		if (lockf(fd, F_LOCK, 0) != 0) return (1);
	}

#  endif

// section commented out for BeOS 

//# else
//
//#  if defined(LOCK_UN) && defined(LOCK_EX)
//
//	/* Un-Lock */
//	if (what == F_UNLCK)
//	{
//		/* Unlock it, Ignore errors */
//		(void)flock(fd, LOCK_UN);
//	}
//
//	/* Lock */
//	else
//	{
//		/* Lock the score file */
//		if (flock(fd, LOCK_EX) != 0) return (1);
//	}
//
//#  endif
//
# endif

#endif

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}


/*
 * Hack -- attempt to seek on a file descriptor
 */
errr fd_seek(int fd, huge n)
{
	long p;

	/* Verify fd */
	if (fd < 0) return (-1);

	/* Seek to the given position */
	p = lseek(fd, n, SEEK_SET);

	/* Failure */
	if (p < 0) return (1);

	/* Failure */
	if (p != n) return (1);

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}


/*
 * Hack -- attempt to truncate a file descriptor
 */
errr fd_chop(int fd, huge n)
{
	/* Verify the fd */
	if (fd < 0) return (-1);

#if defined(SUNOS) || defined(ULTRIX) || defined(NeXT)
	/* Truncate */
	ftruncate(fd, n);
#endif

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}


/*
 * Hack -- attempt to read data from a file descriptor
 */
errr fd_read(int fd, char *buf, huge n)
{
	/* Verify the fd */
	if (fd < 0) return (-1);

#ifndef SET_UID

	/* Read pieces */
	while (n >= 16384)
	{
		/* Read a piece */
		if (read(fd, buf, 16384) != 16384) return (1);

		/* Shorten the task */
		buf += 16384;

		/* Shorten the task */
		n -= 16384;
	}

#endif

	/* Read the final piece */
	if (read(fd, buf, n) != n) return (1);

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}


/*
 * Hack -- Attempt to write data to a file descriptor
 */
errr fd_write(int fd, cptr buf, huge n)
{
	/* Verify the fd */
	if (fd < 0) return (-1);

#ifndef SET_UID

	/* Write pieces */
	while (n >= 16384)
	{
		/* Write a piece */
		if (write(fd, buf, 16384) != 16384) return (1);

		/* Shorten the task */
		buf += 16384;

		/* Shorten the task */
		n -= 16384;
	}

#endif

	/* Write the final piece */
	if (write(fd, buf, n) != n) return (1);

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}


/*
 * Hack -- attempt to close a file descriptor
 */
errr fd_close(int fd)
{
	/* Verify the fd */
	if (fd < 0) return (-1);

	/* Close */
	(void)close(fd);

	/* Assume success XXX XXX XXX */
	return (0);
}


#endif /* ACORN */




/*
 * Convert a decimal to a single digit hex number
 */
static char hexify(uint i)
{
	return (hexsym[i%16]);
}



/*
 * Convert a hexidecimal-digit into a decimal
 */
static int dehex(char c)
{
	if (isdigit(c)) return (D2I(c));
	if (isalpha(c)) return (A2I(tolower(c)) + 10);
	return (0);
}


/*
 * Hack -- convert a printable string into real ascii
 *
 * This function will not work on non-ascii systems.
 *
 * To be safe, "buf" should be at least as large as "str".
 */
void text_to_ascii(char *buf, cptr str)
{
	char *s = buf;

	/* Analyze the "ascii" string */
	while (*str)
	{
		/* Backslash codes */
		if (*str == '\\')
		{
			/* Skip the backslash */
			str++;

			/* Hack -- simple way to specify Escape */
			if (*str == 'e')
			{
				*s++ = ESCAPE;
			}

			/* Hack -- simple way to specify "space" */
			else if (*str == 's')
			{
				*s++ = ' ';
			}

			/* Backspace */
			else if (*str == 'b')
			{
				*s++ = '\b';
			}

			/* Newline */
			else if (*str == 'n')
			{
				*s++ = '\n';
			}

			/* Return */
			else if (*str == 'r')
			{
				*s++ = '\r';
			}

			/* Tab */
			else if (*str == 't')
			{
				*s++ = '\t';
			}

			/* Actual "backslash" */
			else if (*str == '\\')
			{
				*s++ = '\\';
			}

			/* Hack -- Actual "caret" */
			else if (*str == '^')
			{
				*s++ = '^';
			}

			/* Hack -- Hex-mode */
			else if (*str == 'x')
			{
				*s = 16 * dehex(*++str);
				*s++ += dehex(*++str);
			}

			/* Oops */
			else
			{
				*s = *str;
			}

			/* Skip the final char */
			str++;
		}

		/* Normal Control codes */
		else if (*str == '^')
		{
			str++;
			*s++ = (*str++ & 037);
		}

		/* Normal chars */
		else
		{
			*s++ = *str++;
		}
	}

	/* Terminate */
	*s = '\0';
}


/*
 * Hack -- convert a string into a printable form
 *
 * This function will not work on non-ascii systems.
 *
 * To be safe, "buf" should be at least four times as large as "str".
 */
void ascii_to_text(char *buf, cptr str)
{
	char *s = buf;

	/* Analyze the "ascii" string */
	while (*str)
	{
		byte i = (byte)(*str++);

		if (i == ESCAPE)
		{
			*s++ = '\\';
			*s++ = 'e';
		}
		else if (i == ' ')
		{
			*s++ = '\\';
			*s++ = 's';
		}
		else if (i == '\b')
		{
			*s++ = '\\';
			*s++ = 'b';
		}
		else if (i == '\t')
		{
			*s++ = '\\';
			*s++ = 't';
		}
		else if (i == '\n')
		{
			*s++ = '\\';
			*s++ = 'n';
		}
		else if (i == '\r')
		{
			*s++ = '\\';
			*s++ = 'r';
		}
		else if (i == '\\')
		{
			*s++ = '\\';
			*s++ = '\\';
		}
		else if (i == '^')
		{
			*s++ = '\\';
			*s++ = '^';
		}
		else if (i < 32)
		{
			*s++ = '^';
			*s++ = i + 64;
		}
		else if (i < 127)
		{
			*s++ = i;
		}
		else
		{
			*s++ = '\\';
			*s++ = 'x';
			*s++ = hexify(i / 16);
			*s++ = hexify(i % 16);
		}
	}

	/* Terminate */
	*s = '\0';
}



/*
 * The "macro" package
 *
 * Functions are provided to manipulate a collection of macros, each
 * of which has a trigger pattern string and a resulting action string
 * and a small set of flags.
 */



/*
 * Determine if any macros have ever started with a given character.
 */
static bool macro__use[256];


/*
 * Find the macro (if any) which exactly matches the given pattern
 */
sint macro_find_exact(cptr pat)
{
	int i;

	/* Nothing possible */
	if (!macro__use[(byte)(pat[0])])
	{
		return (-1);
	}

	/* Scan the macros */
	for (i = 0; i < macro__num; ++i)
	{
		/* Skip macros which do not match the pattern */
		if (!streq(macro__pat[i], pat)) continue;

		/* Found one */
		return (i);
	}

	/* No matches */
	return (-1);
}


/*
 * Find the first macro (if any) which contains the given pattern
 */
static sint macro_find_check(cptr pat)
{
	int i;

	/* Nothing possible */
	if (!macro__use[(byte)(pat[0])])
	{
		return (-1);
	}

	/* Scan the macros */
	for (i = 0; i < macro__num; ++i)
	{
		/* Skip macros which do not contain the pattern */
		if (!prefix(macro__pat[i], pat)) continue;

		/* Found one */
		return (i);
	}

	/* Nothing */
	return (-1);
}


/*
 * Find the first macro (if any) which contains the given pattern and more
 */
static sint macro_find_maybe(cptr pat)
{
	int i;

	/* Nothing possible */
	if (!macro__use[(byte)(pat[0])])
	{
		return (-1);
	}

	/* Scan the macros */
	for (i = 0; i < macro__num; ++i)
	{
		/* Skip macros which do not contain the pattern */
		if (!prefix(macro__pat[i], pat)) continue;

		/* Skip macros which exactly match the pattern XXX XXX */
		if (streq(macro__pat[i], pat)) continue;

		/* Found one */
		return (i);
	}

	/* Nothing */
	return (-1);
}


/*
 * Find the longest macro (if any) which starts with the given pattern
 */
static sint macro_find_ready(cptr pat)
{
	int i, t, n = -1, s = -1;

	/* Nothing possible */
	if (!macro__use[(byte)(pat[0])])
	{
		return (-1);
	}

	/* Scan the macros */
	for (i = 0; i < macro__num; ++i)
	{
		/* Skip macros which are not contained by the pattern */
		if (!prefix(pat, macro__pat[i])) continue;

		/* Obtain the length of this macro */
		t = strlen(macro__pat[i]);

		/* Only track the "longest" pattern */
		if ((n >= 0) && (s > t)) continue;

		/* Track the entry */
		n = i;
		s = t;
	}

	/* Result */
	return (n);
}


/*
 * Add a macro definition (or redefinition).
 *
 * We should use "act == NULL" to "remove" a macro, but this might make it
 * impossible to save the "removal" of a macro definition.  XXX XXX XXX
 *
 * We should consider refusing to allow macros which contain existing macros,
 * or which are contained in existing macros, because this would simplify the
 * macro analysis code.  XXX XXX XXX
 *
 * We should consider removing the "command macro" crap, and replacing it
 * with some kind of "powerful keymap" ability, but this might make it hard
 * to change the "roguelike" option from inside the game.  XXX XXX XXX
 */
errr macro_add(cptr pat, cptr act)
{
	int n;


	/* Paranoia -- require data */
	if (!pat || !act) return (-1);


	/* Look for any existing macro */
	n = macro_find_exact(pat);

	/* Replace existing macro */
	if (n >= 0)
	{
		/* Free the old macro action */
		string_free(macro__act[n]);
	}

	/* Create a new macro */
	else
	{
		/* Acquire a new index */
		n = macro__num++;

		/* Save the pattern */
		macro__pat[n] = string_make(pat);
	}

	/* Save the action */
	macro__act[n] = string_make(act);

	/* Efficiency */
	macro__use[(byte)(pat[0])] = TRUE;

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}



/*
 * Initialize the "macro" package
 */
errr macro_init(void)
{
	/* Macro patterns */
	C_MAKE(macro__pat, MACRO_MAX, cptr);

	/* Macro actions */
	C_MAKE(macro__act, MACRO_MAX, cptr);

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}




/*
 * Flush all pending input.
 *
 * Actually, remember the flush, using the "inkey_xtra" flag, and in the
 * next call to "inkey()", perform the actual flushing, for efficiency,
 * and correctness of the "inkey()" function.
 */
void flush(void)
{
	/* Do it later */
	inkey_xtra = TRUE;
}



/*
 * Local variable -- we are inside a "macro action"
 *
 * Do not match any macros until "ascii 30" is found.
 */
static bool parse_macro = FALSE;


/*
 * Local variable -- we are inside a "macro trigger"
 *
 * Strip all keypresses until a low ascii value is found.
 */
static bool parse_under = FALSE;




/*
 * Helper function called only from "inkey()"
 *
 * This function does almost all of the "macro" processing.
 *
 * We use the "Term_key_push()" function to handle "failed" macros, as well
 * as "extra" keys read in while choosing the proper macro, and also to hold
 * the action for the macro, plus a special "ascii 30" character indicating
 * that any macro action in progress is complete.  Embedded macros are thus
 * illegal, unless a macro action includes an explicit "ascii 30" character,
 * which would probably be a massive hack, and might break things.
 *
 * Only 500 (0+1+2+...+29+30) milliseconds may elapse between each key in
 * the macro trigger sequence.  If a key sequence forms the "prefix" of a
 * macro trigger, 500 milliseconds must pass before the key sequence is
 * known not to be that macro trigger.  XXX XXX XXX
 */
static char inkey_aux(void)
{
	int k = 0, n, p = 0, w = 0;

	char ch;

	cptr pat, act;

	char buf[1024];


	/* Wait for a keypress */
	(void)(Term_inkey(&ch, TRUE, TRUE));


	/* End "macro action" */
	if (ch == 30) parse_macro = FALSE;

	/* Inside "macro action" */
	if (ch == 30) return (ch);

	/* Inside "macro action" */
	if (parse_macro) return (ch);

	/* Inside "macro trigger" */
	if (parse_under) return (ch);


	/* Save the first key, advance */
	buf[p++] = ch;
	buf[p] = '\0';


	/* Check for possible macro */
	k = macro_find_check(buf);

	/* No macro pending */
	if (k < 0) return (ch);


	/* Wait for a macro, or a timeout */
	while (TRUE)
	{
		/* Check for pending macro */
		k = macro_find_maybe(buf);

		/* No macro pending */
		if (k < 0) break;

		/* Check for (and remove) a pending key */
		if (0 == Term_inkey(&ch, FALSE, TRUE))
		{
			/* Append the key */
			buf[p++] = ch;
			buf[p] = '\0';

			/* Restart wait */
			w = 0;
		}

		/* No key ready */
		else
		{
			/* Increase "wait" */
			w += 10;

			/* Excessive delay */
			if (w >= 100) break;

			/* Delay */
			Term_xtra(TERM_XTRA_DELAY, w);
		}
	}


	/* Check for available macro */
	k = macro_find_ready(buf);

	/* No macro available */
	if (k < 0)
	{
		/* Push all the keys back on the queue */
		while (p > 0)
		{
			/* Push the key, notice over-flow */
			if (Term_key_push(buf[--p])) return (0);
		}

		/* Wait for (and remove) a pending key */
		(void)Term_inkey(&ch, TRUE, TRUE);

		/* Return the key */
		return (ch);
	}


	/* Get the pattern */
	pat = macro__pat[k];

	/* Get the length of the pattern */
	n = strlen(pat);

	/* Push the "extra" keys back on the queue */
	while (p > n)
	{
		/* Push the key, notice over-flow */
		if (Term_key_push(buf[--p])) return (0);
	}


	/* Begin "macro action" */
	parse_macro = TRUE;

	/* Push the "end of macro action" key */
	if (Term_key_push(30)) return (0);


	/* Access the macro action */
	act = macro__act[k];

	/* Get the length of the action */
	n = strlen(act);

	/* Push the macro "action" onto the key queue */
	while (n > 0)
	{
		/* Push the key, notice over-flow */
		if (Term_key_push(act[--n])) return (0);
	}


	/* Hack -- Force "inkey()" to call us again */
	return (0);
}



/*
 * Mega-Hack -- special "inkey_next" pointer.  XXX XXX XXX
 *
 * This special pointer allows a sequence of keys to be "inserted" into
 * the stream of keys returned by "inkey()".  This key sequence will not
 * trigger any macros, and cannot be bypassed by the Borg.  It is used
 * in Angband to handle "keymaps".
 */
static cptr inkey_next = NULL;


#ifdef ALLOW_BORG

/*
 * Mega-Hack -- special "inkey_hack" hook.  XXX XXX XXX
 *
 * This special function hook allows the "Borg" (see elsewhere) to take
 * control of the "inkey()" function, and substitute in fake keypresses.
 */
char (*inkey_hack)(int flush_first) = NULL;

#endif /* ALLOW_BORG */


/*
 * Get a keypress from the user.
 *
 * This function recognizes a few "global parameters".  These are variables
 * which, if set to TRUE before calling this function, will have an effect
 * on this function, and which are always reset to FALSE by this function
 * before this function returns.  Thus they function just like normal
 * parameters, except that most calls to this function can ignore them.
 *
 * If "inkey_xtra" is TRUE, then all pending keypresses will be flushed,
 * and any macro processing in progress will be aborted.  This flag is
 * set by the "flush()" function, which does not actually flush anything
 * itself, but rather, triggers delayed input flushing via "inkey_xtra".
 *
 * If "inkey_scan" is TRUE, then we will immediately return "zero" if no
 * keypress is available, instead of waiting for a keypress.
 *
 * If "inkey_base" is TRUE, then all macro processing will be bypassed.
 * If "inkey_base" and "inkey_scan" are both TRUE, then this function will
 * not return immediately, but will wait for a keypress for as long as the
 * normal macro matching code would, allowing the direct entry of macro
 * triggers.  The "inkey_base" flag is extremely dangerous!
 *
 * If "inkey_flag" is TRUE, then we will assume that we are waiting for a
 * normal command, and we will only show the cursor if "hilite_player" is
 * TRUE (or if the player is in a store), instead of always showing the
 * cursor.  The various "main-xxx.c" files should avoid saving the game
 * in response to a "menu item" request unless "inkey_flag" is TRUE, to
 * prevent savefile corruption.
 *
 * If we are waiting for a keypress, and no keypress is ready, then we will
 * refresh (once) the window which was active when this function was called.
 *
 * Note that "back-quote" is automatically converted into "escape" for
 * convenience on machines with no "escape" key.  This is done after the
 * macro matching, so the user can still make a macro for "backquote".
 *
 * Note the special handling of "ascii 30" (ctrl-caret, aka ctrl-shift-six)
 * and "ascii 31" (ctrl-underscore, aka ctrl-shift-minus), which are used to
 * provide support for simple keyboard "macros".  These keys are so strange
 * that their loss as normal keys will probably be noticed by nobody.  The
 * "ascii 30" key is used to indicate the "end" of a macro action, which
 * allows recursive macros to be avoided.  The "ascii 31" key is used by
 * some of the "main-xxx.c" files to introduce macro trigger sequences.
 *
 * Hack -- we use "ascii 29" (ctrl-right-bracket) as a special "magic" key,
 * which can be used to give a variety of "sub-commands" which can be used
 * any time.  These sub-commands could include commands to take a picture of
 * the current screen, to start/stop recording a macro action, etc.
 *
 * If "angband_term[0]" is not active, we will make it active during this
 * function, so that the various "main-xxx.c" files can assume that input
 * is only requested (via "Term_inkey()") when "angband_term[0]" is active.
 *
 * Mega-Hack -- This function is used as the entry point for clearing the
 * "signal_count" variable, and of the "character_saved" variable.
 *
 * Hack -- Note the use of "inkey_next" to allow "keymaps" to be processed.
 *
 * Mega-Hack -- Note the use of "inkey_hack" to allow the "Borg" to steal
 * control of the keyboard from the user.
 */
char inkey(void)
{
	int v;

	char kk;

	char ch = 0;

	bool done = FALSE;

	term *old = Term;


	/* Hack -- Use the "inkey_next" pointer */
	if (inkey_next && *inkey_next && !inkey_xtra)
	{
		/* Get next character, and advance */
		ch = *inkey_next++;

		/* Cancel the various "global parameters" */
		inkey_base = inkey_xtra = inkey_flag = inkey_scan = FALSE;

		/* Accept result */
		return (ch);
	}

	/* Forget pointer */
	inkey_next = NULL;


#ifdef ALLOW_BORG

	/* Mega-Hack -- Use the special hook */
	if (inkey_hack && ((ch = (*inkey_hack)(inkey_xtra)) != 0))
	{
		/* Cancel the various "global parameters" */
		inkey_base = inkey_xtra = inkey_flag = inkey_scan = FALSE;

		/* Accept result */
		return (ch);
	}

#endif /* ALLOW_BORG */


	/* Hack -- handle delayed "flush()" */
	if (inkey_xtra)
	{
		/* End "macro action" */
		parse_macro = FALSE;

		/* End "macro trigger" */
		parse_under = FALSE;

		/* Forget old keypresses */
		Term_flush();
	}


	/* Access cursor state */
	(void)Term_get_cursor(&v);

	/* Show the cursor if waiting, except sometimes in "command" mode */
	if (!inkey_scan && (!inkey_flag || hilite_player || character_icky))
	{
		/* Show the cursor */
		(void)Term_set_cursor(1);
	}


	/* Hack -- Activate main screen */
	Term_activate(angband_term[0]);


	/* Get a key */
	while (!ch)
	{
		/* Hack -- Handle "inkey_scan" */
		if (!inkey_base && inkey_scan &&
		    (0 != Term_inkey(&kk, FALSE, FALSE)))
		{
			break;
		}


		/* Hack -- Flush output once when no key ready */
		if (!done && (0 != Term_inkey(&kk, FALSE, FALSE)))
		{
			/* Hack -- activate proper term */
			Term_activate(old);

			/* Flush output */
			Term_fresh();

			/* Hack -- activate main screen */
			Term_activate(angband_term[0]);

			/* Mega-Hack -- reset saved flag */
			character_saved = FALSE;

			/* Mega-Hack -- reset signal counter */
			signal_count = 0;

			/* Only once */
			done = TRUE;
		}


		/* Hack -- Handle "inkey_base" */
		if (inkey_base)
		{
			int w = 0;

			/* Wait forever */
			if (!inkey_scan)
			{
				/* Wait for (and remove) a pending key */
				if (0 == Term_inkey(&ch, TRUE, TRUE))
				{
					/* Done */
					break;
				}

				/* Oops */
				break;
			}

			/* Wait */
			while (TRUE)
			{
				/* Check for (and remove) a pending key */
				if (0 == Term_inkey(&ch, FALSE, TRUE))
				{
					/* Done */
					break;
				}

				/* No key ready */
				else
				{
					/* Increase "wait" */
					w += 10;

					/* Excessive delay */
					if (w >= 100) break;
		
					/* Delay */
					Term_xtra(TERM_XTRA_DELAY, w);
				}
			}

			/* Done */
			break;
		}


		/* Get a key (see above) */
		ch = inkey_aux();


		/* Handle "control-right-bracket" */
		if (ch == 29)
		{
			/* Strip this key */
			ch = 0;

			/* Continue */
			continue;
		}


		/* Treat back-quote as escape */
		if (ch == '`') ch = ESCAPE;


		/* End "macro trigger" */
		if (parse_under && (ch <= 32))
		{
			/* Strip this key */
			ch = 0;

			/* End "macro trigger" */
			parse_under = FALSE;
		}


		/* Handle "control-caret" */
		if (ch == 30)
		{
			/* Strip this key */
			ch = 0;
		}

		/* Handle "control-underscore" */
		else if (ch == 31)
		{
			/* Strip this key */
			ch = 0;

			/* Begin "macro trigger" */
			parse_under = TRUE;
		}

		/* Inside "macro trigger" */
		else if (parse_under)
		{
			/* Strip this key */
			ch = 0;
		}
	}


	/* Hack -- restore the term */
	Term_activate(old);


	/* Restore the cursor */
	Term_set_cursor(v);


	/* Cancel the various "global parameters" */
	inkey_base = inkey_xtra = inkey_flag = inkey_scan = FALSE;


	/* Return the keypress */
	return (ch);
}




/*
 * Flush the screen, make a noise
 */
void bell(cptr reason)
{
	/* Mega-Hack -- Flush the output */
	Term_fresh();

	/* Hack -- memorize the reason if possible */
	if (character_generated && reason) message_add(reason);

	/* Make a bell noise (if allowed) */
	if (ring_bell) Term_xtra(TERM_XTRA_NOISE, 0);

	/* Flush the input (later!) */
	flush();
}


/*
 * Hack -- Make a (relevant?) sound
 */
void sound(int val)
{
	/* No sound */
	if (!use_sound) return;

	/* Make a sound (if allowed) */
	Term_xtra(TERM_XTRA_SOUND, val);
}




/*
 * The "quark" package
 *
 * This package is used to reduce the memory usage of object inscriptions.
 *
 * We use dynamic string allocation because otherwise it is necessary to
 * pre-guess the amount of quark activity.  We limit the total number of
 * quarks, but this is much easier to "expand" as needed.  XXX XXX XXX
 *
 * Two objects with the same inscription will have the same "quark" index.
 *
 * Some code uses "zero" to indicate the non-existance of a quark.
 *
 * Note that "quark zero" is NULL and should never be "dereferenced".
 */

/*
 * Add a new "quark" to the set of quarks.
 */
s16b quark_add(cptr str)
{
	int i;

	/* Look for an existing quark */
	for (i = 1; i < quark__num; i++)
	{
		/* Check for equality */
		if (streq(quark__str[i], str)) return (i);
	}

	/* Hack -- Require room XXX XXX XXX */
	if (quark__num == QUARK_MAX) return (0);

	/* New quark */
	i = quark__num++;

	/* Add a new quark */
	quark__str[i] = string_make(str);

	/* Return the index */
	return (i);
}


/*
 * This function looks up a quark
 */
cptr quark_str(s16b i)
{
	cptr q;

	/* Verify */
	if ((i < 0) || (i >= quark__num)) i = 0;

	/* Access the quark */
	q = quark__str[i];

	/* Return the quark */
	return (q);
}


/*
 * Initialize the "quark" package
 */
errr quark_init(void)
{
	/* Quark variables */
	C_MAKE(quark__str, QUARK_MAX, cptr);

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}



/*
 * The "message memorization" package.
 *
 * Each call to "message_add(s)" will add a new "most recent" message
 * to the "message recall list", using the contents of the string "s".
 *
 * The number of memorized messages is available as "message_num()".
 *
 * Old messages can be retrieved by "message_str(age)", where the "age"
 * of the most recently memorized message is zero, and the oldest "age"
 * which is available is "message_num() - 1".  Messages outside this
 * range are returned as the empty string.
 *
 * The messages are stored in a special manner that maximizes "efficiency",
 * that is, we attempt to maximize the number of semi-sequential messages
 * that can be retrieved, given a limited amount of storage space, without
 * causing the memorization of new messages or the recall of old messages
 * to be too expensive.
 *
 * We keep a buffer of chars to hold the "text" of the messages, more or
 * less in the order they were memorized, and an array of offsets into that
 * buffer, representing the actual messages, but we allow the "text" to be
 * "shared" by two messages with "similar" ages, as long as we never cause
 * sharing to reach too far back in the the buffer.
 *
 * The implementation is complicated by the fact that both the array of
 * offsets, and the buffer itself, are both treated as "circular arrays"
 * for efficiency purposes, but the strings may not be "broken" across
 * the ends of the array.
 *
 * When we want to memorize a new message, we attempt to "reuse" the buffer
 * space by checking for message duplication within the recent messages.
 *
 * Otherwise, if we need more buffer space, we grab a full quarter of the
 * total buffer space at a time, to keep the reclamation code efficient.
 *
 * The "message_add()" function is rather "complex", because it must be
 * extremely efficient, both in space and time, for use with the Borg.
 */



/*
 * How many messages are "available"?
 */
s16b message_num(void)
{
	/* Determine how many messages are "available" */
	return (message__next + MESSAGE_MAX - message__last) % MESSAGE_MAX;
}



/*
 * Recall the "text" of a saved message
 */
cptr message_str(s16b age)
{
	s16b x;
	s16b o;
	cptr s;

	/* Forgotten messages have no text */
	if ((age < 0) || (age >= message_num())) return ("");

	/* Acquire the "logical" index */
	x = (message__next + MESSAGE_MAX - (age + 1)) % MESSAGE_MAX;

	/* Get the "offset" for the message */
	o = message__ptr[x];

	/* Access the message text */
	s = &message__buf[o];

	/* Return the message text */
	return (s);
}



/*
 * Add a new message, with great efficiency
 *
 * We must ignore long messages to prevent internal overflow, since we
 * assume that we can always get enough space by advancing "message__tail"
 * by one quarter the total buffer space.
 *
 * We must not attempt to optimize using a message index or buffer space
 * which is "far away" from the most recent entries, or we will lose a lot
 * of messages when we "expire" the old message index and/or buffer space.
 *
 * We attempt to minimize the use of "string compare" operations in this
 * function, because they are expensive when used in mass quantities.
 */
void message_add(cptr str)
{
	int n, k, i, x, o;

	cptr s;
	cptr t;
	cptr u;
	char *v;


	/*** Step 1 -- Analyze the message ***/

	/* Hack -- Ignore "non-messages" */
	if (!str) return;

	/* Message length */
	n = strlen(str);

	/* Hack -- Ignore "long" messages */
	if (n >= MESSAGE_BUF / 4) return;


	/*** Step 2 -- Attempt to optimize ***/

	/* Limit number of messages to check */
	k = message_num() / 4;

	/* Limit number of messages to check */
	if (k > 32) k = 32;

	/* Start just after the most recent message */
	i = message__next;

	/* Check the last few messages for duplication */
	for ( ; k; k--)
	{
		u16b q;

		cptr old;

		/* Back up, wrap if needed */
		if (i-- == 0) i = MESSAGE_MAX - 1;

		/* Stop before oldest message */
		if (i == message__last) break;

		/* Index */
		o = message__ptr[i];

		/* Extract "distance" from "head" */
		q = (message__head + MESSAGE_BUF - o) % MESSAGE_BUF;

		/* Do not optimize over large distances */
		if (q >= MESSAGE_BUF / 4) continue;

		/* Access the old string */
		old = &message__buf[o];

		/* Inline 'streq(str, old)' */
		for (s = str, t = old; (*s == *t) && *s; ++s, ++t) /* loop */ ;

		/* Continue if not equal */
		if (*s) continue;

		/* Get the next available message index */
		x = message__next;

		/* Advance 'message__next', wrap if needed */
		if (++message__next == MESSAGE_MAX) message__next = 0;

		/* Kill last message if needed */
		if (message__next == message__last)
		{
			/* Advance 'message__last', wrap if needed */
			if (++message__last == MESSAGE_MAX) message__last = 0;
		}

		/* Assign the starting address */
		message__ptr[x] = message__ptr[i];

		/* Success */
		return;
	}


	/*** Step 3 -- Ensure space before end of buffer ***/

	/* Kill messages, and wrap, if needed */
	if (message__head + (n + 1) >= MESSAGE_BUF)
	{
		/* Kill all "dead" messages */
		for (i = message__last; TRUE; i++)
		{
			/* Wrap if needed */
			if (i == MESSAGE_MAX) i = 0;

			/* Stop before the new message */
			if (i == message__next) break;

			/* Get offset */
			o = message__ptr[i];

			/* Kill "dead" messages */
			if (o >= message__head)
			{
				/* Track oldest message */
				message__last = i + 1;
			}
		}

		/* Wrap "tail" if needed */
		if (message__tail >= message__head) message__tail = 0;

		/* Start over */
		message__head = 0;
	}


	/*** Step 4 -- Ensure space for actual characters ***/

	/* Kill messages, if needed */
	if (message__head + (n + 1) > message__tail)
	{
		/* Advance to new "tail" location */
		message__tail += (MESSAGE_BUF / 4);

		/* Kill all "dead" messages */
		for (i = message__last; TRUE; i++)
		{
			/* Wrap if needed */
			if (i == MESSAGE_MAX) i = 0;

			/* Stop before the new message */
			if (i == message__next) break;

			/* Get offset */
			o = message__ptr[i];

			/* Kill "dead" messages */
			if ((o >= message__head) && (o < message__tail))
			{
				/* Track oldest message */
				message__last = i + 1;
			}
		}
	}


	/*** Step 5 -- Grab a new message index ***/

	/* Get the next available message index */
	x = message__next;

	/* Advance 'message__next', wrap if needed */
	if (++message__next == MESSAGE_MAX) message__next = 0;

	/* Kill last message if needed */
	if (message__next == message__last)
	{
		/* Advance 'message__last', wrap if needed */
		if (++message__last == MESSAGE_MAX) message__last = 0;
	}


	/*** Step 6 -- Insert the message text ***/

	/* Assign the starting address */
	message__ptr[x] = message__head;

	/* Inline 'strcpy(message__buf + message__head, str)' */
	v = message__buf + message__head;
	for (u = str; *u; ) *v++ = *u++;
	*v = '\0';

	/* Advance the "head" pointer */
	message__head += (n + 1);
}


/*
 * Initialize the "message" package
 */
errr message_init(void)
{
	/* Message variables */
	C_MAKE(message__ptr, MESSAGE_MAX, u16b);
	C_MAKE(message__buf, MESSAGE_BUF, char);

	/* Hack -- No messages yet */
	message__tail = MESSAGE_BUF;

	/* Success */
	return (0);
}




/*
 * XXX XXX XXX Important note about "colors" XXX XXX XXX
 *
 * The "TERM_*" color definitions list the "composition" of each
 * "Angband color" in terms of "quarters" of each of the three color
 * components (Red, Green, Blue), for example, TERM_UMBER is defined
 * as 2/4 Red, 1/4 Green, 0/4 Blue.
 *
 * The following info is from "Torbjorn Lindgren" (see "main-xaw.c").
 *
 * These values are NOT gamma-corrected.  On most machines (with the
 * Macintosh being an important exception), you must "gamma-correct"
 * the given values, that is, "correct for the intrinsic non-linearity
 * of the phosphor", by converting the given intensity levels based
 * on the "gamma" of the target screen, which is usually 1.7 (or 1.5).
 *
 * The actual formula for conversion is unknown to me at this time,
 * but you can use the table below for the most common gamma values.
 *
 * So, on most machines, simply convert the values based on the "gamma"
 * of the target screen, which is usually in the range 1.5 to 1.7, and
 * usually is closest to 1.7.  The converted value for each of the five
 * different "quarter" values is given below:
 *
 *  Given     Gamma 1.0       Gamma 1.5       Gamma 1.7     Hex 1.7
 *  -----       ----            ----            ----          ---
 *   0/4        0.00            0.00            0.00          #00
 *   1/4        0.25            0.27            0.28          #47
 *   2/4        0.50            0.55            0.56          #8f
 *   3/4        0.75            0.82            0.84          #d7
 *   4/4        1.00            1.00            1.00          #ff
 *
 * Note that some machines (i.e. most IBM machines) are limited to a
 * hard-coded set of colors, and so the information above is useless.
 *
 * Also, some machines are limited to a pre-determined set of colors,
 * for example, the IBM can only display 16 colors, and only 14 of
 * those colors resemble colors used by Angband, and then only when
 * you ignore the fact that "Slate" and "cyan" are not really matches,
 * so on the IBM, we use "orange" for both "Umber", and "Light Umber"
 * in addition to the obvious "Orange", since by combining all of the
 * "indeterminate" colors into a single color, the rest of the colors
 * are left with "meaningful" values.
 */


/*
 * Move the cursor
 */
void move_cursor(int row, int col)
{
	Term_gotoxy(col, row);
}



/*
 * Hack -- flush
 */
static void msg_flush(int x)
{
	byte a = TERM_L_BLUE;

	/* Pause for response */
	Term_putstr(x, 0, -1, a, "-more-");

	/* Get an acceptable keypress */
	while (1)
	{
		int cmd = inkey();
		if (quick_messages) break;
		if ((cmd == ESCAPE) || (cmd == ' ')) break;
		if ((cmd == '\n') || (cmd == '\r')) break;
		bell("Illegal response to a 'more' prompt!");
	}

	/* Clear the line */
	Term_erase(0, 0, 255);
}


/*
 * Output a message to the top line of the screen.
 *
 * Break long messages into multiple pieces (40-72 chars).
 *
 * Allow multiple short messages to "share" the top line.
 *
 * Prompt the user to make sure he has a chance to read them.
 *
 * These messages are memorized for later reference (see above).
 *
 * We could do a "Term_fresh()" to provide "flicker" if needed.
 *
 * The global "msg_flag" variable can be cleared to tell us to "erase" any
 * "pending" messages still on the screen, instead of using "msg_flush()".
 * This should only be done when the user is known to have read the message.
 *
 * We must be very careful about using the "msg_print()" functions without
 * explicitly calling the special "msg_print(NULL)" function, since this may
 * result in the loss of information if the screen is cleared, or if anything
 * is displayed on the top line.
 *
 * Hack -- Note that "msg_print(NULL)" will clear the top line even if no
 * messages are pending.
 */
void msg_print(cptr msg)
{
	static int p = 0;

	int n;

	char *t;

	char buf[1024];


	/* Hack -- Reset */
	if (!msg_flag) p = 0;

	/* Message Length */
	n = (msg ? strlen(msg) : 0);

	/* Hack -- flush when requested or needed */
	if (p && (!msg || ((p + n) > 72)))
	{
		/* Flush */
		msg_flush(p);

		/* Forget it */
		msg_flag = FALSE;

		/* Reset */
		p = 0;
	}


	/* No message */
	if (!msg) return;

	/* Paranoia */
	if (n > 1000) return;


	/* Memorize the message */
	if (character_generated) message_add(msg);


	/* Copy it */
	strcpy(buf, msg);

	/* Analyze the buffer */
	t = buf;

	/* Split message */
	while (n > 72)
	{
		char oops;

		int check, split;

		/* Default split */
		split = 72;

		/* Find the "best" split point */
		for (check = 40; check < 72; check++)
		{
			/* Found a valid split point */
			if (t[check] == ' ') split = check;
		}

		/* Save the split character */
		oops = t[split];

		/* Split the message */
		t[split] = '\0';

		/* Display part of the message */
		Term_putstr(0, 0, split, TERM_WHITE, t);

		/* Flush it */
		msg_flush(split + 1);

		/* Memorize the piece */
		/* if (character_generated) message_add(t); */

		/* Restore the split character */
		t[split] = oops;

		/* Insert a space */
		t[--split] = ' ';

		/* Prepare to recurse on the rest of "buf" */
		t += split; n -= split;
	}


	/* Display the tail of the message */
	Term_putstr(p, 0, n, TERM_WHITE, t);

	/* Memorize the tail */
	/* if (character_generated) message_add(t); */

	/* Window stuff */
	p_ptr->window |= (PW_MESSAGE);

	/* Remember the message */
	msg_flag = TRUE;

	/* Remember the position */
	p += n + 1;

	/* Optional refresh */
	if (fresh_after) Term_fresh();
}


/*
 * Display a formatted message, using "vstrnfmt()" and "msg_print()".
 */
void msg_format(cptr fmt, ...)
{
	va_list vp;

	char buf[1024];

	/* Begin the Varargs Stuff */
	va_start(vp, fmt);

	/* Format the args, save the length */
	(void)vstrnfmt(buf, 1024, fmt, vp);

	/* End the Varargs Stuff */
	va_end(vp);

	/* Display */
	msg_print(buf);
}



/*
 * Hack -- prevent "accidents" in "screen_save()" or "screen_load()"
 */
static int screen_depth = 0;


/*
 * Save the screen, and increase the "icky" depth.
 *
 * This function must match exactly one call to "screen_load()".
 */
void screen_save(void)
{
	/* Hack -- Flush messages */
	msg_print(NULL);

	/* Save the screen (if legal) */
	if (screen_depth++ == 0) Term_save();

	/* Increase "icky" depth */
	character_icky++;
}


/*
 * Load the screen, and decrease the "icky" depth.
 *
 * This function must match exactly one call to "screen_save()".
 */
void screen_load(void)
{
	/* Hack -- Flush messages */
	msg_print(NULL);

	/* Load the screen (if legal) */
	if (--screen_depth == 0) Term_load();

	/* Decrease "icky" depth */
	character_icky--;
}


/*
 * Display a string on the screen using an attribute.
 *
 * At the given location, using the given attribute, if allowed,
 * add the given string.  Do not clear the line.
 */
void c_put_str(byte attr, cptr str, int row, int col)
{
	/* Position cursor, Dump the attr/text */
	Term_putstr(col, row, -1, attr, str);
}


/*
 * As above, but in "white"
 */
void put_str(cptr str, int row, int col)
{
	/* Spawn */
	Term_putstr(col, row, -1, TERM_WHITE, str);
}



/*
 * Display a string on the screen using an attribute, and clear
 * to the end of the line.
 */
void c_prt(byte attr, cptr str, int row, int col)
{
	/* Clear line, position cursor */
	Term_erase(col, row, 255);

	/* Dump the attr/text */
	Term_addstr(-1, attr, str);
}


/*
 * As above, but in "white"
 */
void prt(cptr str, int row, int col)
{
	/* Spawn */
	c_prt(TERM_WHITE, str, row, col);
}




/*
 * Print some (colored) text to the screen at the current cursor position,
 * automatically "wrapping" existing text (at spaces) when necessary to
 * avoid placing any text into the last column, and clearing every line
 * before placing any text in that line.  Also, allow "newline" to force
 * a "wrap" to the next line.  Advance the cursor as needed so sequential
 * calls to this function will work correctly.
 *
 * Once this function has been called, the cursor should not be moved
 * until all the related "c_roff()" calls to the window are complete.
 *
 * This function will correctly handle any width up to the maximum legal
 * value of 256, though it works best for a standard 80 character width.
 */
void c_roff(byte a, cptr str)
{
	int x, y;

	int w, h;

	cptr s;


	/* Obtain the size */
	(void)Term_get_size(&w, &h);

	/* Obtain the cursor */
	(void)Term_locate(&x, &y);

	/* Process the string */
	for (s = str; *s; s++)
	{
		char ch;

		/* Force wrap */
		if (*s == '\n')
		{
			/* Wrap */
			x = 0;
			y++;

			/* Clear line, move cursor */
			Term_erase(x, y, 255);
		}

		/* Clean up the char */
		ch = (isprint(*s) ? *s : ' ');

		/* Wrap words as needed */
		if ((x >= w - 1) && (ch != ' '))
		{
			int i, n = 0;

			byte av[256];
			char cv[256];

			/* Wrap word */
			if (x < w)
			{
				/* Scan existing text */
				for (i = w - 2; i >= 0; i--)
				{
					/* Grab existing attr/char */
					Term_what(i, y, &av[i], &cv[i]);

					/* Break on space */
					if (cv[i] == ' ') break;

					/* Track current word */
					n = i;
				}
			}

			/* Special case */
			if (n == 0) n = w;

			/* Clear line */
			Term_erase(n, y, 255);

			/* Wrap */
			x = 0;
			y++;

			/* Clear line, move cursor */
			Term_erase(x, y, 255);

			/* Wrap the word (if any) */
			for (i = n; i < w - 1; i++)
			{
				/* Dump */
				Term_addch(av[i], cv[i]);

				/* Advance (no wrap) */
				if (++x > w) x = w;
			}
		}

		/* Dump */
		Term_addch(a, ch);

		/* Advance */
		if (++x > w) x = w;
	}
}


/*
 * As above, but in "white"
 */
void roff(cptr str)
{
	/* Spawn */
	c_roff(TERM_WHITE, str);
}




/*
 * Clear part of the screen
 */
void clear_from(int row)
{
	int y;

	/* Erase requested rows */
	for (y = row; y < Term->hgt; y++)
	{
		/* Erase part of the screen */
		Term_erase(0, y, 255);
	}
}




/*
 * Get some input at the cursor location.
 * Assume the buffer is initialized to a default string.
 * Note that this string is often "empty" (see below).
 * The default buffer is displayed in yellow until cleared.
 * Pressing RETURN right away accepts the default entry.
 * Normal chars clear the default and append the char.
 * Backspace clears the default or deletes the final char.
 * ESCAPE clears the buffer and the window and returns FALSE.
 * RETURN accepts the current buffer contents and returns TRUE.
 * The buffer must be large enough for 'len+1' characters.
 */
bool askfor_aux(char *buf, int len)
{
	int y, x;

	int i = 0;

	int k = 0;

	bool done = FALSE;


	/* Locate the cursor */
	Term_locate(&x, &y);


	/* Paranoia -- check len */
	if (len < 1) len = 1;

	/* Paranoia -- check column */
	if ((x < 0) || (x >= 80)) x = 0;

	/* Restrict the length */
	if (x + len > 80) len = 80 - x;


	/* Paranoia -- Clip the default entry */
	buf[len] = '\0';


	/* Display the default answer */
	Term_erase(x, y, len);
	Term_putstr(x, y, -1, TERM_YELLOW, buf);


	/* Process input */
	while (!done)
	{
		/* Place cursor */
		Term_gotoxy(x + k, y);

		/* Get a key */
		i = inkey();

		/* Analyze the key */
		switch (i)
		{
			case ESCAPE:
			{
				k = 0;
				done = TRUE;
				break;
			}

			case '\n':
			case '\r':
			{
				k = strlen(buf);
				done = TRUE;
				break;
			}

			case 0x7F:
			case '\010':
			{
				if (k > 0) k--;
				break;
			}

			default:
			{
				if ((k < len) && (isprint(i)))
				{
					buf[k++] = i;
				}
				else
				{
					bell("Illegal edit key!");
				}
				break;
			}
		}

		/* Terminate */
		buf[k] = '\0';

		/* Update the entry */
		Term_erase(x, y, len);
		Term_putstr(x, y, -1, TERM_WHITE, buf);
	}

	/* Aborted */
	if (i == ESCAPE) return (FALSE);

	/* Success */
	return (TRUE);
}


/*
 * Get a string from the user
 *
 * The "prompt" should take the form "Prompt: "
 *
 * Note that the initial contents of the string is used as
 * the default response, so be sure to "clear" it if needed.
 *
 * We clear the input, and return FALSE, on "ESCAPE".
 */
bool get_string(cptr prompt, char *buf, int len)
{
	bool res;

	/* Paranoia XXX XXX XXX */
	msg_print(NULL);

	/* Display prompt */
	prt(prompt, 0, 0);

	/* Ask the user for a string */
	res = askfor_aux(buf, len);

	/* Clear prompt */
	prt("", 0, 0);

	/* Result */
	return (res);
}



/*
 * Request a "quantity" from the user
 *
 * Allow "p_ptr->command_arg" to specify a quantity
 */
s16b get_quantity(cptr prompt, int max)
{
	int amt = 1;


	/* Use "command_arg" */
	if (p_ptr->command_arg)
	{
		/* Extract a number */
		amt = p_ptr->command_arg;

		/* Clear "command_arg" */
		p_ptr->command_arg = 0;
	}

	/* Prompt if needed */
	else if ((max != 1) && allow_quantity)
	{
		char tmp[80];

		char buf[80];

		/* Build a prompt if needed */
		if (!prompt)
		{
			/* Build a prompt */
			sprintf(tmp, "Quantity (0-%d): ", max);

			/* Use that prompt */
			prompt = tmp;
		}

		/* Build the default */
		sprintf(buf, "%d", amt);

		/* Ask for a quantity */
		if (!get_string(prompt, buf, 6)) return (0);

		/* Extract a number */
		amt = atoi(buf);

		/* A letter means "all" */
		if (isalpha(buf[0])) amt = max;
	}

	/* Enforce the maximum */
	if (amt > max) amt = max;

	/* Enforce the minimum */
	if (amt < 0) amt = 0;

	/* Return the result */
	return (amt);
}


/*
 * Verify something with the user
 *
 * The "prompt" should take the form "Query? "
 *
 * Note that "[y/n]" is appended to the prompt.
 */
bool get_check(cptr prompt)
{
	int i;

	char buf[80];

	/* Paranoia XXX XXX XXX */
	msg_print(NULL);

	/* Hack -- Build a "useful" prompt */
	strnfmt(buf, 78, "%.70s[y/n] ", prompt);

	/* Prompt for it */
	prt(buf, 0, 0);

	/* Get an acceptable answer */
	while (TRUE)
	{
		i = inkey();
		if (quick_messages) break;
		if (i == ESCAPE) break;
		if (strchr("YyNn", i)) break;
		bell("Illegal response to a 'yes/no' question!");
	}

	/* Erase the prompt */
	prt("", 0, 0);

	/* Normal negation */
	if ((i != 'Y') && (i != 'y')) return (FALSE);

	/* Success */
	return (TRUE);
}


/*
 * Prompts for a keypress
 *
 * The "prompt" should take the form "Command: "
 *
 * Returns TRUE unless the character is "Escape"
 */
bool get_com(cptr prompt, char *command)
{
	/* Paranoia XXX XXX XXX */
	msg_print(NULL);

	/* Display a prompt */
	prt(prompt, 0, 0);

	/* Get a key */
	*command = inkey();

	/* Clear the prompt */
	prt("", 0, 0);

	/* Handle "cancel" */
	if (*command == ESCAPE) return (FALSE);

	/* Success */
	return (TRUE);
}


/*
 * Pause for user response
 *
 * This function is stupid.  XXX XXX XXX
 */
void pause_line(int row)
{
	int i;
	prt("", row, 0);
	put_str("[Press any key to continue]", row, 23);
	i = inkey();
	prt("", row, 0);
}




/*
 * Hack -- special buffer to hold the action of the current keymap
 */
static char request_command_buffer[256];


/*
 * Request a command from the user.
 *
 * Sets p_ptr->command_cmd, p_ptr->command_dir, p_ptr->command_rep,
 * p_ptr->command_arg.  May modify p_ptr->command_new.
 *
 * Note that "caret" ("^") is treated specially, and is used to
 * allow manual input of control characters.  This can be used
 * on many machines to request repeated tunneling (Ctrl-H) and
 * on the Macintosh to request "Control-Caret".
 *
 * Note that "backslash" is treated specially, and is used to bypass any
 * keymap entry for the following character.  This is useful for macros.
 *
 * Note that this command is used both in the dungeon and in
 * stores, and must be careful to work in both situations.
 *
 * Note that "p_ptr->command_new" may not work any more.  XXX XXX XXX
 */
void request_command(bool shopping)
{
	int i;

	char cmd;

	int mode;

	cptr act;


	/* Roguelike */
	if (rogue_like_commands)
	{
		mode = KEYMAP_MODE_ROGUE;
	}

	/* Original */
	else
	{
		mode = KEYMAP_MODE_ORIG;
	}


	/* No command yet */
	p_ptr->command_cmd = 0;

	/* No "argument" yet */
	p_ptr->command_arg = 0;

	/* No "direction" yet */
	p_ptr->command_dir = 0;


	/* Get command */
	while (1)
	{
		/* Hack -- auto-commands */
		if (p_ptr->command_new)
		{
			/* Flush messages */
			msg_print(NULL);

			/* Use auto-command */
			cmd = p_ptr->command_new;

			/* Forget it */
			p_ptr->command_new = 0;
		}

		/* Get a keypress in "command" mode */
		else
		{
			/* Hack -- no flush needed */
			msg_flag = FALSE;

			/* Activate "command mode" */
			inkey_flag = TRUE;

			/* Get a command */
			cmd = inkey();
		}

		/* Clear top line */
		prt("", 0, 0);


		/* Command Count */
		if (cmd == '0')
		{
			int old_arg = p_ptr->command_arg;

			/* Reset */
			p_ptr->command_arg = 0;

			/* Begin the input */
			prt("Count: ", 0, 0);

			/* Get a command count */
			while (1)
			{
				/* Get a new keypress */
				cmd = inkey();

				/* Simple editing (delete or backspace) */
				if ((cmd == 0x7F) || (cmd == KTRL('H')))
				{
					/* Delete a digit */
					p_ptr->command_arg = p_ptr->command_arg / 10;

					/* Show current count */
					prt(format("Count: %d", p_ptr->command_arg), 0, 0);
				}

				/* Actual numeric data */
				else if (cmd >= '0' && cmd <= '9')
				{
					/* Stop count at 9999 */
					if (p_ptr->command_arg >= 1000)
					{
						/* Warn */
						bell("Invalid repeat count!");

						/* Limit */
						p_ptr->command_arg = 9999;
					}

					/* Increase count */
					else
					{
						/* Incorporate that digit */
						p_ptr->command_arg = p_ptr->command_arg * 10 + D2I(cmd);
					}

					/* Show current count */
					prt(format("Count: %d", p_ptr->command_arg), 0, 0);
				}

				/* Exit on "unusable" input */
				else
				{
					break;
				}
			}

			/* Hack -- Handle "zero" */
			if (p_ptr->command_arg == 0)
			{
				/* Default to 99 */
				p_ptr->command_arg = 99;

				/* Show current count */
				prt(format("Count: %d", p_ptr->command_arg), 0, 0);
			}

			/* Hack -- Handle "old_arg" */
			if (old_arg != 0)
			{
				/* Restore old_arg */
				p_ptr->command_arg = old_arg;

				/* Show current count */
				prt(format("Count: %d", p_ptr->command_arg), 0, 0);
			}

			/* Hack -- white-space means "enter command now" */
			if ((cmd == ' ') || (cmd == '\n') || (cmd == '\r'))
			{
				/* Get a real command */
				if (!get_com("Command: ", &cmd))
				{
					/* Clear count */
					p_ptr->command_arg = 0;

					/* Continue */
					continue;
				}
			}
		}


		/* Allow "keymaps" to be bypassed */
		if (cmd == '\\')
		{
			/* Get a real command */
			(void)get_com("Command: ", &cmd);

			/* Hack -- bypass keymaps */
			if (!inkey_next) inkey_next = "";
		}


		/* Allow "control chars" to be entered */
		if (cmd == '^')
		{
			/* Get a new command and controlify it */
			if (get_com("Control: ", &cmd)) cmd = KTRL(cmd);
		}


		/* Look up applicable keymap */
		act = keymap_act[mode][(byte)(cmd)];

		/* Apply keymap if not inside a keymap already */
		if (act && !inkey_next)
		{
			/* Install the keymap (limited buffer size) */
			strnfmt(request_command_buffer, 256, "%s", act);

			/* Start using the buffer */
			inkey_next = request_command_buffer;

			/* Continue */
			continue;
		}


		/* Paranoia */
		if (!cmd) continue;


		/* Use command */
		p_ptr->command_cmd = cmd;

		/* Done */
		break;
	}

	/* Hack -- Auto-repeat certain commands */
	if (always_repeat && (p_ptr->command_arg <= 0))
	{
		/* Hack -- auto repeat certain commands */
		if (strchr("TBDoc+", p_ptr->command_cmd))
		{
			/* Repeat 99 times */
			p_ptr->command_arg = 99;
		}
	}


	/* Shopping */
	if (shopping)
	{
		/* Hack -- Convert a few special keys */
		switch (p_ptr->command_cmd)
		{
			/* Command "p" -> "purchase" (get) */
			case 'p': p_ptr->command_cmd = 'g'; break;

			/* Command "m" -> "purchase" (get) */
			case 'm': p_ptr->command_cmd = 'g'; break;

			/* Command "s" -> "sell" (drop) */
			case 's': p_ptr->command_cmd = 'd'; break;
		}
	}


	/* Hack -- Scan equipment */
	for (i = INVEN_WIELD; i < INVEN_TOTAL; i++)
	{
		cptr s;

		object_type *o_ptr = &inventory[i];

		/* Skip non-objects */
		if (!o_ptr->k_idx) continue;

		/* No inscription */
		if (!o_ptr->note) continue;

		/* Obtain the inscription */
		s = quark_str(o_ptr->note);

		/* Find a '^' */
		s = strchr(s, '^');

		/* Process preventions */
		while (s)
		{
			/* Check the "restriction" character */
			if ((s[1] == p_ptr->command_cmd) || (s[1] == '*'))
			{
				/* Hack -- Verify command */
				if (!get_check("Are you sure? "))
				{
					/* Hack -- Use space */
					p_ptr->command_cmd = ' ';
				}
			}

			/* Find another '^' */
			s = strchr(s + 1, '^');
		}
	}


	/* Hack -- erase the message line. */
	prt("", 0, 0);
}




/*
 * Generates damage for "2d6" style dice rolls
 */
uint damroll(uint num, uint sides)
{
	int i, sum = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
	{
		sum += (rand_int(sides) + 1);
	}
	return (sum);
}


/*
 * Same as above, but always maximal
 */
uint maxroll(uint num, uint sides)
{
	return (num * sides);
}




/*
 * Check a char for "vowel-hood"
 */
bool is_a_vowel(int ch)
{
	switch (ch)
	{
		case 'a':
		case 'e':
		case 'i':
		case 'o':
		case 'u':
		case 'A':
		case 'E':
		case 'I':
		case 'O':
		case 'U':
		return (TRUE);
	}

	return (FALSE);
}



#if 0

/*
 * Replace the first instance of "target" in "buf" with "insert"
 * If "insert" is NULL, just remove the first instance of "target"
 * In either case, return TRUE if "target" is found.
 *
 * XXX Could be made more efficient, especially in the
 * case where "insert" is smaller than "target".
 */
static bool insert_str(char *buf, cptr target, cptr insert)
{
	int i, len;
	int b_len, t_len, i_len;

	/* Attempt to find the target (modify "buf") */
	buf = strstr(buf, target);

	/* No target found */
	if (!buf) return (FALSE);

	/* Be sure we have an insertion string */
	if (!insert) insert = "";

	/* Extract some lengths */
	t_len = strlen(target);
	i_len = strlen(insert);
	b_len = strlen(buf);

	/* How much "movement" do we need? */
	len = i_len - t_len;

	/* We need less space (for insert) */
	if (len < 0)
	{
		for (i = t_len; i < b_len; ++i) buf[i+len] = buf[i];
	}

	/* We need more space (for insert) */
	else if (len > 0)
	{
		for (i = b_len-1; i >= t_len; --i) buf[i+len] = buf[i];
	}

	/* If movement occured, we need a new terminator */
	if (len) buf[b_len+len] = '\0';

	/* Now copy the insertion string */
	for (i = 0; i < i_len; ++i) buf[i] = insert[i];

	/* Successful operation */
	return (TRUE);
}


#endif



